Working with Rust

Conditionals

Examples using conditionals in Rust.

Basic If-Else

An example of a basic If-Else statement in Rust.

let evenodd;
let x = 13;
if x % 2 == 0 {
    evenodd: "even";
} else {
    evenodd: "odd";
}

Here is an equivalent conditional, one of my favorite features of Rust is using if assignments.

let evenodd = if x % 2 == 0 {
    "even"
} else {
    "odd"
};

The last line of a block is used as the return value.

Match

The Rust equivalent of switch is match which allows for powerful pattern matching.

for x in 0..10 {
    match x {
        2|4|6|8 => println!("{} is even", x),
        1|3|5|7|9 => println!("{} is odd", x),
        _ => println!("{} is 🤷‍♂️", x),
    }
}

Like if statement above, you can also use match for assignment.

for x in 0..10 {
    let evenodd: match x {
        2|4|6|8 => "even",
        1|3|5|7|9 => "odd",
        _ => "🤷‍♂️",
    };
    println!("{} is {}", x, evenodd);
}

Error Matching

The match command is used often for error handling.

let s = "1a23";
 
let num = match s.parse::<i32>() {
    Ok(n) => n,
    Err(e) => {
        println!("Error parsing: {}", e);
        println!("Defaulting to 0");
        0
    }
};

Option Matching

In Rust numerous functions will return an option that needs to be handled, typically the match command is used. In this vector example, .pop() returns an Option since a vector may be empty and there is no last value.

let v = vec![1,2,3];
let last = match v.pop() {
    Some(n) => n,
    None => {
        println!("None left");
        0
    }
};

The above is a little awkward, and a bit contrived, but a more likely use would be moving the Some() into the loop, like so:

let v = vec![1,2,3];
while let Some(val): v.pop() {
    println!("{}", val);
}
// 3
// 2
// 1